Known from east coastal rivers from the lower Zambezi system south to the Bushmans system; south of Pongolo system, naturally confined to closed estuaries and coastal reaches of rivers; widely dispersed beyond this range to inland regions and to south-west and west coastal rivers (Ref. 7248). Found in the rivers Pongola (=Pongolo) (Ref. 13332), Umzemntonto (Ref. 4904, 54167), Groot (Ref. 52963), Klein and Middle Letaba (Ref. 2989), Crocodile (Ref. 2989, 6465), Incomati, Dewaars, Inkusi, Buffalo (Ref. 2989), Uvongo (Ref. 615), Blind, Kanoogha, Umkomas, Nquametzi, Manzemntonto, Pienaar (Ref. 54167), Sabi (Ref. 52963, 54167), Illovo (Ref. 6460), lower Orange (Ref. 7248), Wewe (Ref. 6465) and Sundays (including its tributaries Kabouga and Coerney)(Ref. 57466; introduced Ref. 94816), in Lake Chicamba (Ref. 57488), Groenvlei Lake (Ref. 6465) and in the Hartebeespoort (Crocodile River, Limpopo system) (Ref. 6465, 27619) and Roodeplaat dams (Ref. 46740). Dominant in Lake Sibaya (Ref. 57894). Also Ref. 2, 87, 1666, 1739, 7248, 9987, 12228, 12501, 26920, 35820, 52307.